Rectal Prolapse Treatment - Diagnosis, Surgery & Recovery

Rectal prolapse is a condition where the rectum slips through the anus, causing complications such as strangulation, bleeding, and ulceration. Timely treatment is crucial to prevent further discomfort and health risks.

At Lakshya Healthcare, we offer advanced surgical treatments for rectal prolapse, ensuring safe and effective relief. Our expert proctologists use minimally invasive techniques for faster recovery and minimal discomfort.

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What is Rectal Prolapse?

Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum, the final part of the large intestine, slips out through the anus. Normally, the rectum holds stool before passing it out during a bowel movement, but in cases of prolapse, the rectal tissues push outward along with the stool.

The term “prolapse” refers to an organ shifting from its original position. This condition is more common in women than in men and often affects people over 50 years old or those with a history of chronic constipation or diarrhea.

• Disease Name

Rectal Prolapse

• Surgery Name

Rectopexy

• Duration

15 to 20 minutes

• Treated by

General Surgeon

Rectal Prolapse Diagnosis

  1. The diagnosis of rectal prolapse involves a combination of physical examination and diagnostic tests to assess the severity of the condition.

    1. Physical Examination

    • The doctor examines the rectum and may insert a gloved, lubricated finger into the anus to check the strength of the anal sphincter and the rectum.

    • Patients may be asked to strain or squat as they would during a bowel movement to observe the prolapse.

    • A discussion of medical history and symptoms helps the doctor understand the condition better.

    2. Additional Diagnostic Tests

    Based on the physical examination, further tests may be recommended:

    • Anal Electromyography (EMG): Measures the function of muscles and nerves in the rectum using small electrodes.

    • Colonoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) is inserted into the rectum for a visual examination of the area.

    • Anorectal Manometry: A small balloon-tipped tube is inserted into the rectum to assess how it responds to pressure.

    • Barium Enema: A chalky liquid (barium) is placed in the rectum, making the area visible on X-rays for clear imaging.

    • Defecography: X-rays or MRIs monitor the colon while the patient has a bowel movement to evaluate rectal function.

    • Lower GI Series: Barium liquid is introduced into the large intestine for detailed X-ray images of the area.

    • Transit Study: The patient swallows capsules with X-ray markers and undergoes imaging over five days to track movement through the intestines.

    In some cases, urological or gynecological exams may be required to check for pelvic floor weakness or prolapse of other organs like the uterus.

Surgical Treatment for Rectal Prolapse

Several surgical procedures are available to treat rectal prolapse, depending on the severity of the condition and the patient’s overall health.

1. Rectopexy (Abdominal Rectal Prolapse Surgery)

  • Performed under general anesthesia with a hospital stay of a few days.

  • High success rate in preventing recurrence.

Procedure:

  1. Incision in the abdomen to access the rectum.

  2. Dissection of the rectum from surrounding tissues.

  3. Suturing the rectum to the sacrum to hold it in place.

  4. Closure of the abdominal incision with sutures or staples.

  5. Post-surgery monitoring for healing and complications.

2. Laparoscopic Rectal Prolapse Surgery (Minimally Invasive)

  • Smaller incisions, less pain, faster recovery, fewer complications.

  • Patients usually recover within a few weeks.

Procedure:

  1. General anesthesia is administered.

  2. Insertion of a laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera) into the abdomen.

  3. Small incisions are made to insert surgical instruments.

  4. Rectum is repositioned and excess tissue is removed.

  5. Rectum is sutured back into place.

  6. Incisions are closed, and the patient is monitored before discharge.

3. Robotic Surgery (Minimally Invasive)

  • More precise than traditional surgery due to robotic assistance.

  • Reduced pain, less blood loss, minimal scarring, and shorter hospital stay.

Procedure:

  1. Small abdominal incisions are made.

  2. Robotic arms are inserted through the incisions.

  3. Surgeon controls the robotic arms from a console.

  4. 3D imaging guides the surgery.

  5. Excess tissue is removed, and the rectum is sutured into position.

  6. Incisions are closed, and the patient is monitored for recovery.

4. Perineal Rectosigmoidectomy (For Older Patients)

  • Performed through the perineum, not the abdomen.

  • Faster recovery and lower risk of complications.

Procedure:

  1. Incision in the perineum (area between the anus and genitals).

  2. Rectum is mobilized and excess tissue is removed.

  3. Rectum is repositioned and sutured.

  4. Colostomy may be performed if needed.

  5. Perineal incision is closed, and the patient is monitored for complications.

5. Delorme Procedure (For Partial Rectal Prolapse)

  • Suitable for milder cases where the rectum has prolapsed but not fully detached.

  • Improves bowel function and reduces recurrence risk.

Procedure:

  1. Anesthesia is administered.

  2. Proctoscope is inserted into the rectum to visualize the prolapse.

  3. Prolapsed tissue is removed, and the remaining rectal tissue is sutured.

  4. Bleeding and tissue integrity are checked.

  5. Patient is moved to the recovery room for monitoring.

What are the Treatment Options Available for Anal Fistula?

BenefitDescription
Minimally InvasiveRequires minimal or no incisions, leading to faster recovery.
Outpatient ProcedureCan be done as a day-care surgery with no long hospital stay.
Lesser PainCauses minimal tissue damage, reducing post-operative pain.
Greater PrecisionLaser technology targets affected tissues accurately.
Low Risk of InfectionMinimal cuts and bleeding reduce infection chances.
Reduced IncontinenceImproves bowel function and lowers the risk of incontinence.
Effective TreatmentSuitable for patients who don’t respond to conservative methods.
Improved Quality of LifeFaster healing and fewer complications enhance well-being.

Preparation & Recovery for Rectal Prolapse Surgery

Preparation for Rectal Prolapse SurgeryRecovery After Laser Rectal Prolapse Surgery
Consult your doctor about the procedure and risks.Take prescribed medicines on time.
Follow all pre-operative instructions.Manage swelling with ice packs and pain relief.
Arrange for someone to drive you home post-surgery.Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activities.
Have someone assist you for a few days after surgery.Eat a high-fiber diet to prevent constipation.
Avoid food and drinks after midnight before surgery.Stay hydrated to ease bowel movements.
Stop blood-thinning medications like ibuprofen or warfarin.Use stool softeners or laxatives if needed.
Wear loose, comfortable clothing on surgery day.Follow all post-surgery care instructions.
Set up a comfortable recovery space at home.Expect mild bleeding or discharge for a few days.
Follow any additional doctor’s instructions.Attend all follow-up appointments.

Anal Fistula

Lifestyle Changes After Rectal Prolapse Surgery

After undergoing rectal prolapse treatment through surgery, making certain lifestyle changes can help with recovery and prevent recurrence.

  • Avoid heavy lifting: Refrain from lifting heavy objects for at least six weeks to avoid straining pelvic muscles.

  • Eat a high-fiber diet: Include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes to prevent constipation.

  • Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep stools soft and prevent straining.

  • Exercise regularly: Engage in light exercises to strengthen pelvic muscles, but avoid strenuous activities.

  • Avoid straining during bowel movements: Use the restroom as soon as needed and avoid excessive pushing.

  • Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight can put pressure on the pelvic muscles and increase the risk of recurrence.

  • Follow doctor’s instructions: Take prescribed medications, attend follow-ups, and adhere to post-surgery care guidelines.

While rectal prolapse surgery is effective, it carries some potential risks and complications.

  • Infection: There is a risk of infection at the surgical site.

  • Excessive bleeding: Some patients may experience hemorrhage during or after surgery.

  • Damage to nearby organs: The bladder or urethra could be affected during the procedure.

  • Urinary retention: Difficulty in urination may occur temporarily.

  • Blood clots: Post-surgery inactivity can increase the risk of clot formation.

  • Bowel obstruction: In rare cases, bowel movement issues may arise.

  • Fecal incontinence: Some individuals may have difficulty controlling bowel movements post-surgery.

  • Anesthesia-related risks: Side effects such as nausea, dizziness, or complications may occur.

  • Recurrence: There is a possibility of rectal prolapse returning over time.

A diet rich in fiber and nutrients can help ease symptoms of rectal prolapse and support digestive health.

Recommended Foods:

  • High-fiber foods: Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes help prevent constipation.

  • Insoluble fiber sources: Bran, beans, and leafy greens add bulk to stool and promote regular bowel movements.

  • Hydration: Drink plenty of water to keep stools soft and prevent straining.

  • Probiotic foods: Yogurt, kefir, and fermented foods support gut health and digestion.

  • Lean proteins: Chicken, fish, tofu, and eggs provide essential nutrients without excess fat.

  • Low-fat dairy: Milk, yogurt, and cheese offer calcium and protein without causing digestion issues.

  • Healthy fats: Nuts, seeds, and olive oil support overall digestive health.

Additional Tips:

  • Eat smaller, frequent meals to avoid digestive discomfort.

  • Chew food properly to ease digestion.

  • Consult a healthcare provider for a personalized diet plan.

Certain foods can worsen symptoms by causing constipation, irritation, or digestive discomfort.

Foods to Avoid:

  • Spicy foods: Can irritate the digestive system and cause discomfort.

  • Processed foods: High in sodium and low in fiber, leading to constipation.

  • Fried foods: Difficult to digest and may contribute to bloating.

  • Dairy products: Some individuals experience constipation from milk, cheese, and cream.

  • Red meat: Harder to digest and may slow down bowel movements.

  • Caffeine: Can lead to dehydration and constipation.

  • Alcohol: Dehydrates the body and disrupts digestion.

  • Carbonated drinks: May cause bloating and discomfort.

  • Spicy condiments: Hot sauces and chili flakes can aggravate symptoms.

  • Excess fiber: While fiber is beneficial, too much can lead to bloating and discomfort.

If rectal prolapse is not treated, it can lead to serious complications, including:

  • Worsening Prolapse: The rectum may continue to protrude further and become harder to push back in.

  • Chronic Constipation: The condition may lead to persistent constipation, further aggravating the prolapse.

  • Fecal Incontinence: Loss of bowel control can occur, leading to involuntary leakage of stool.

  • Bleeding and Irritation: The exposed rectal tissue can become inflamed, irritated, and prone to bleeding.

  • Strangulation of the Rectum: In severe cases, the prolapsed rectum may become trapped (incarcerated), cutting off blood supply and causing tissue death, which may require emergency surgery.

  • Psychological Impact: The discomfort and embarrassment associated with rectal prolapse can lead to anxiety, depression, and a reduced quality of life.

What Are the Causes of Rectal Prolapse?

Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum loses its normal support and slips out of place. Common causes include:

  • Chronic constipation or straining during bowel movements

  • Weakening of pelvic floor muscles (often due to aging or childbirth)

  • Nerve damage affecting bowel control (from conditions like multiple sclerosis or spinal injuries)

  • Chronic diarrhea or frequent bowel movements

  • Long-term history of heavy lifting or chronic coughing

  • Previous surgeries or injuries to the pelvic area

How Do You Know You Have Rectal Prolapse?

Symptoms of rectal prolapse include:

  • A visible bulge or protrusion from the anus, especially after a bowel movement

  • Feeling of fullness or pressure in the rectum

  • Difficulty controlling bowel movements (fecal incontinence)

  • Mucus discharge or bleeding from the rectum

  • Pain or discomfort in the anal area

What Is the Difference Between Rectal Prolapse and Hemorrhoids?

  • Rectal Prolapse: The rectum itself slides out of its normal position and may protrude from the anus. It usually involves a larger portion of the rectal wall.

  • Hemorrhoids: Swollen blood vessels in the rectum or anus, which can cause itching, pain, and bleeding. They do not involve the entire rectal wall slipping out.

Can Rectal Prolapse Get Better on Its Own?

  • In mild cases, rectal prolapse may temporarily reduce on its own, but without proper treatment, it often worsens over time.

  • Lifestyle changes (such as a high-fiber diet and avoiding straining) may help manage symptoms, but surgical intervention is often required in severe or recurring cases.

What Are the Risk Factors for Rectal Prolapse?

Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing rectal prolapse, including:

  • Older age (weakened pelvic floor muscles)

  • Chronic constipation or diarrhea

  • Childbirth and multiple pregnancies

  • Pelvic floor disorders

  • History of spinal cord or nerve damage

  • Genetic predisposition to connective tissue weakness

How Can You Prevent Rectal Prolapse?

  • Eat a high-fiber diet to prevent constipation

  • Stay hydrated and drink plenty of water

  • Avoid straining during bowel movements

  • Exercise regularly to strengthen pelvic muscles

  • Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on the pelvic floor

  • Avoid heavy lifting and prolonged coughing

How Serious Is Rectal Prolapse?

  • While not life-threatening, rectal prolapse can significantly impact quality of life and may lead to complications like fecal incontinence, bleeding, and strangulation of the rectum.

  • If left untreated, severe cases may require emergency surgery to prevent serious complications

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